How to Test Network and Internet Latency (Lag) in Microsoft Windows
Putra Soliman

Steps

  1. 1
    Go to Start > Run and type cmd. You can also search for cmd.exe in the Windows Search function.

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  2. 2
    Press OK to launch Windows Command. This is the default command-line interface for Windows.

  3. 3
    Test the loop-back address.
    • Type ping 127.0.0.1 (it is the same for every computer, so you do not need to change this). This will test your computer's network chip, not your modem, router, or Internet connection.

    • Press Enter to begin pinging.

    • Place -t at the end of the command to perform continuous testing.

    • To exit continuous testing, press Ctrl+C.

    • Place -n 20 at the end of the command to send 20 pings. Replace the number 20 with any value (the value will be limited to a 32-bit or 64-bit integer).

    • If everything is correct, you will see something like:

    • Look at the ping statistics. They should report a 0% loss.

    • Keep an eye on the response time, as it represents the connection's latency between you and the server. Double digit values (such as 50ms, or lower) are very good. This varies drastically depending upon where the server is in relation to your computer. Generally, most connections should have latency less than a few hundred milliseconds. If there is no network connection, you will see the output "Request timed out" repeated.

  4. 4
    Test your local gateway. Find your default gateway's IP address:

    • Type ipconfig in the command prompt window.

    • Press Enter. The command prompt will then display the output from the ipconfig command.
    • Find the listing for "Default Gateway". This is the IP you can use in a ping to test the connection between your computer and your router or ISP.
  5. 5
    Test beyond your local network. Test the connectivity of your modem, router, network, or internet connection by using an IP address on the Internet.
  6. 6
    Check domain name resolution. Instead of an IP address, type in a site's domain name, such as www.google.com. Pinging a domain name tests your computer and network's ability to resolve network names (translating them to IP addresses).

  7. 7
    Measure network and internet performance (Windows NT, 2000, XP, and Vista only). Use the tracert command to measure the response of each hop in a network path. Your connection to any one server will require multiple "hops" between other servers and networking components. The fewer number of hops, the better. Most connections to a server on the Internet will include at least a dozen hops. To test:
    • With the command prompt open, type tracert xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, replacing xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx with an IP address on the internet.
    • Press Enter and watch as each hop is pinged and logged. The first ping should be your computer, modem, or router, and the last ping should be your target address.
    • Notice that the response time for points farther away from you will be greater than those closer to you.
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Windows Run
Putra Soliman
WINDOWS RUN COMMAND
TaskCommand
Accessibility Controlsaccess.cpl
Add Hardware Wizardhdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programsappwiz.cpl
Administrative Toolscertmgr.msc
Antivirustbav.exe ll=2 co hm ld fc hr af fi ex cl lo ap el tn ln=c:\tbav.log C:\
Calls help using POP3 default server useroutlook.exe /a.txt /office@yahoo.com &set msg=my name is %username% and have no help near, have a wheelchair, and live hear and, need your assistance&print%msg%>>a.txt&set %subject%=have no comm accessdeff&print%subject%>a.txt
Character Mapcharmap.exe
Check Disk Utilitychkdsk.exe
Clipboard Viewerclipbrd.exe
Command Prompt with Echocmd.exe
Component Servicesdcomcnfg.exe
Computer Managementcompmgmt.msc
Date and Time Propertiestimedate.cpl
DDE Sharesddeshare.exe
Device Managerdevmgmt.msc
Direct-X Control Panel (if installed)directx.cpl
Direct-X Troubleshooterdxdiag.exe
Disk Cleanup Utilitycleanmgr.exe
Disk Defragmentdfrg.msc
Disk Managementdiskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Managerdiskpart
Display Propertiescontrol.exe desktop
Display Propertiesdesk.cpl
Display Properties (with appearance tab preselected)control.exe color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utilitydrwtsn32.exe
Driver Verifier Utilityverifier.exe
Event Viewereventvwr.msc
File Signature Verification Toolsigverif.exe
Find-fastfindfast.cpl
Folders Propertiescontrol.exe folders
Fontscontrol.exe fonts
Game Controllersjoy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (for Windows XP Professional)gpedit.msc
Internet Exploreriexplore.exe
Indexing Serviceciadv.msc
Initialise Performance Monitor (by settings file)perfmon.msc
Internet Propertiesinetcpl.cpl
IP Configuration (display connection configuration)ipconfig /all
IP Configuration (display DNS cache contents)ipconfig /displaydns
IP Configuration (delete DNS cache contents)ipconfig /flushdns
IP Configuration (release all connections)ipconfig /release
IP Configuration (renew all connections)ipconfig /renew
IP Configuration (refreshes DHCP and re-registers DNS)ipconfig /registerdns
IP Configuration (display DHCP class ID)ipconfig /showclassid
IP Configuration (modifies DHCP class ID)ipconfig /setclassid
Java Control Panel (if installed)javaw.exe or javaws.exe
Keyboard Propertiescontrol.exe keyboard
Launches Windows Updatewupdmgr.exe
Local Security Settingssecpol.msc
Local Users and Groupslusrmgr.msc
Log Off Windowslogoff.exe
Microsoft Chatwinchat.exe
Microsoft Paintmspaint
Mouse Propertiescontrol mouse
Mouse Propertiesmain.cpl
Netstatnetstat.exe
Network Connectionscontrol.exe netconnections
Network Connectionsncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizardnetsetup.cpl
Notepadnotepad.exe
Nvidia Desktop Manager (if installed)nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packagerpackager.exe
ODBC Data Source Administratorodbccp32.cpl or odbcad32.exe
On Screen Keyboardosk.exe
Open Fonts Folderfonts
Open "Freecell" Card Gamefreecell.exe
Open "Minesweeper" Gamewinmine.exe
Opens AC3 Filter (if installed)ac3filter.cpl
Opens Printer Folderprinters
Password Propertiespassword.cpl
Performance Monitor (direct-open)perfmon.exe
Phone and Modem Optionstelephon.cpl
Pops "Hearts" Card Gamemshearts.exe
Power Configurationpowercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxescontrol.exe printers
Private Character Editoreudcedit
Quicktime Settings (if installed)Quicktime.cpl
Regional Settingsintl.cpl
Registry Editorregedit
Remote Assistancemsra.exe or msra
Remote Desktopmstsc.exe
Removable Storagentmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requestsntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (for Windows XP Professional)rsop.msc
Scanners and Camerassticpl.cpl
Scheduled Taskscontrol.exe schedtasks
Sound Recordersndrec32.exe
Security Centerwscui.cpl
Servicesservices.msc
Shared Foldersfsmgmt.msc
Shut Down Windowsshutdown -s -t 0
Sounds and Audiommsys.cpl
Spider Solitare Card Gamespider.exe
SQL Client Configurationcliconfg.exe
System Configuration Editorsysedit.exe
System Configuration Utilitymsconfig.exe
System File Checker Utility (scan immediately)sfc.exe /scannow
System File Checker Utility (scan once at next boot)sfc.exe /scanonce
System File Checker Utility (scan on every boot)sfc.exe /scanboot
System File Checker Utility (return to default setting)sfc.exe /revert
System File Checker Utility (purge file cache)sfc.exe /purgecache
System File Checker Utility (set cache size to size xxx)sfc.exe /cachesize=xxx
System Informationsysteminfo.exe
System Propertiessysdm.cpl
System Restore %windir%\system32\restore\rstrui.exe
Task Managertaskmgr.exe
Telnet Clienttelnet.exe
Traceroute homepagetracert <%homepage%>
Users Account Managernusrmgr.cpl
Utility Managerutilman.exe
Windows Firewallfirewall.cpl
Windows Magnifiermagnify.exe
Windows Management Infrastructurewmimgmt.msc
Windows XP Registration Wizardregwiz.exe /r
Windows System Security Toolsyskey.exe
Windows XP Tour Wizardtourstart.exe
WordPadwrite.exe
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_command


CUSTOMIZING WINDOWS RUN COMMAND

Customizing Windows Run Command...

If you are like me you use windows run command all the time.  I hate using the mouse to point and click a shortcut on the start menu.  WIN-R are probably the two most over used keys on my keyboard.  After thinking about if awhile I hunted down how the run command works.  It turns out that it makes a call to ShellExecute, which I guess is not too surprising.  The next thing I wanted to find out was exactly how the commands are resolved. The following is an ordered list of how they are resolved ([1]):
  • The current working directory
  • The Windows directory (no subdirectories are searched)
  • The Windows\System32 directory
  • Directories listed in the PATH environment variable
  • The App Paths registry key
Naturally the next thing I wanted to do was customize existing commands or add new commands so I do not have to type as much (standard lazy approach).  After examining my options which were to put the executable in one of those paths (since it only locates executables and not shortcuts), modify the path environment variable or add a key to App Paths. The App Paths option seems to be the easiest and most flexible to me.  Here is a layout of what you need to do to add an App Paths entry ([1]):
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
    SOFTWARE
        Microsoft
            Windows
                CurrentVersion
                    App Paths
                        file.exe                           (Default) = The fully-qualified path and file name
                           Path = A semicolon-separated list of directories
                           DropTarget = {CLSID}
Disclaimer: Modifying the registry can cause serious problems that may require you to reinstall your operating system. I cannot guarantee that problems resulting from modifications to the registry can be solved. Use the information provided at your own risk.
The minimum needed to add a new entry is to add the key file.exe where file is the string you want to type into the run command and to add the Default entry which is the fully-qualified path to the file you want to execute. Note that even it the file you are going to reference isn't an exe file you still need to put the .exe on the key. Here is a sample registry file that I created to add a shorter keyword for Internet Explorer:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\ie.exe]
@="C:\\Program Files\\Internet Explorer\\iexplore.exe"
After entering that entry into the registry I can simply type “ie” at the run command to open internet explorer.
source : http://weblogs.asp.net/whaggard/archive/2004/04/11/111232.aspx

RUN++
Run++ is a replacement for the windows run command. Currently the windows run command is very limited it only provides a drop down list of the last 26 typed commands and a auto complete functionality for the file system and browser history as described here. Run++ provides the following feature set:

Features

General Overview

Auto Complete

Recognizes Commands

Create Custom Commands

Pre-Loaded List of Commands

Side Features


source : http://puzzleware.net/Runpp/

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How to Configure Eclipse for Python
Putra Soliman

How to Configure Eclipse for Python

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology -
Computer Science & Software Engineering

Python3 must be installed before the complete instillation can be completed. If you don't have Python installed you can install it using these directions

Install the PyDev plug-in for Eclipse


  1. Launch Eclipse
    1. Launch Eclipse. A screen like this should appear, where you can choose which workspace to open. (If not, go to File → Switch Workspace → Other )
    2.         Screenshots read 'Python 3.1', which is the old version. You will be installing Python 3.2.
    3. Browse the csse120 folder which you created when installing Eclipse. Select "Use this as the default and do not ask again".
      1. If you do, Eclipse will automatically use this workspace next time you open Eclipse. If you want to change the workspace later you can always go to File → Switch Workspace... to be sent back to the Workspace Launcher window.
    4. You should now see Eclipse's Welcome screen:
      Click on the arrow on the right to go to the workbench.
      This is where you'll do most of your work in Eclipse.
  2. Download PyDev from within Eclipse
    1. Go to Help → Install New Software
      2.   
    2. Enter http://pydev.org/updates in the Work with:  field.
    3. After several seconds, two options should appear. Select the PyDev for Eclipse option. Do not select the "PyDev Mylyn Integration" flag.

      4.  
    4. Click "Next" and "OK" to continue installing PyDev.
    5. Select "I accept the terms of the license agreement", then click "Finish". The installer will begin to download the plug-in.
    6. Note: When you see the Selection Needed dialog box, you must manually check the box before pressing okay. If you do not, it appears that the installation is continuing, but it is not. You must uninstall PyDev, then reinstall.
    7. A security warning may appear asking whether you trust the software being installed- click "ok", then ensure the correct items are selected and click yes. The instillation process will continue.
    8. When the installation is complete, you will be asked if you want to restart Eclipse. Select "Yes". You may see a Subclipse Usage  dialog, just uncheck the box and continue.
  3. Configure PyDev
    1. Python must be installed to configure PyDev.
    2. Go to Window → Preferences. In the Preferences window, expand PyDev and select Interpreter-Python.
    3. Click "New..." and type Python32 for the Interpreter name. For the Interpreter executable, browse to your copy of Python (C:\Program Files\Python32\python.exe), and press Open.

      Click "OK" and the  Selection Needed Window will appear.
    4. Select all but the PySrc and python32.zip and click OK as many times as necessary to exit the preferences. The default selection should be fine.
    5. The Interpreter is now set up so that the code you write can be interpreted for the computer to run. You are now ready to start running code.

Installing Eclipse Preferences for Python

  1. Download the Eclipse Preferences
    1. Unzip this Preferences for csse120 file, placing its sole unzipped file (EclipsePreference-2011-06.epf)  in any convenient location (your desktop, My Documents folder, etc).
  2. Import the Preferences
    1. Launch Eclipse.
      1. If Eclipse offers to Select a Workspace, browse to C:\EclipseWorkspace\csse120.
      2. If the csse 120 workspace does not appear automatically, choose File → Switch Workspace → Other, and click Next.
    2. Now you are ready to set the preferences for the workspace:
      1. Choose File → Import
      2. In the Import dialog box, select General → Preferences and click Next.
      3. When the Import Preferences dialog opens, select Browse and find the EclipsePreferences-2011-06.epf file that you unzipped and saved above.
      4. Back in the Import Preferences dialog, check Import All, then select Finish.
      5. As before, if the Subclipse Usage dialog makes an appearance, uncheck the box and continue.
      6. Confirm that the installation did not leave behind unintended files by checking if there is:
        1. random .eclipse folder anywhere, possibly in the folder immediately above My Documents.
        2. Any extra users (for example, the installer), in C:\Users
        3. Extra Eclipse workspaces anywhere except for the folders inside C:\EclipseWorkspaces.

Writing Your First Python Program

  1. Switch to the Python perspective
    1. Go to Window → Open Perspective → Other and choose PyDev, then click OK. If you look at the upper right corner you will see that the perspective has changed from "Java" to "PyDev".
    2. Perspectives are designed to have the most useful tools within reach for whatever task you are doing (for example writing Java code or writing Python code). If you look in the File→ New menu you will see that there are different options with the different perspective.
      PyDev Perspective Java Perspective 
      As you can see, perspectives greatly affect the look of the Eclipse program.
  2. Create a new project
    1. Go to File → New → PyDev Project to start a wizard.
    2. In the next window that appears, enter the name of your project and select "python"  and 3.0"; as the type. Make sure "create default 'src' folder and add it to the pythonpath?" is selected. Click Finish.
    3. If you look at the upper left corner of the workspace (in the Package Explorer view), you should now see your newly created project with a "src" folder inside.
  3. Create a new module
    1. Select the project you just created and go to File → New → PyDev Module. This will launch a new PyDev Module Wizard where you should enter a name for your module and make sure it is in the right location. Leave the Package field blank and select Finish.
    2. Look in the Package Explorer view and you will see an icon of your new file inside the src folder, which Eclipse created when you made the new project before.
      The file should be opened in the open space in the center of the workspace-the Editor view. (If not, right click on the greeting.py icon and select Open.) You will see a tab with the name of your file.
  4. Write and run the program
    1. Here's a program to greet the world. Simply type print('Hello, World!') into the file. You may remove the default doc comment or leave it there; Python ignores it.
    2. Right click on the file and select Save (or press Ctrl+S) to save the file.
    3. Finally, choose the greeting.py icon, and go to Run → Run As → Python Run to run your program.(A quicker alternative is to right-click on the greeting.py icon, and select Run As → Python Run, or press Ctrl+F11.)
    4. Look at the bottom of your screen at the Console view and you will see the message you told the computer to print.
      Congratulations! You have written your first program with Python.

Configure PyDev for Productivity

  1. Add line numbers
    1. Add line numbers by right-clicking in the margin at the left side of the code view and click on Show Line Numbers. 
  2. Change the comment color to one you can read more easily
    1. Go to Window → Preferences. Open PyDev and select Editors (actually click on 'Editors', don't just expand it). In the Appearance Color Options dropdown menu, select Comments. Then change it to a brighter color (perhaps fuchsia?).
  3. Turn on Task view  to show TODO: items and add a CONSIDER: tag
    1. Go to Window → Show View → Tasks.
    2. Window → Preferences → PyDev → Task Tags, and add CONSIDER: to the end of the list.
    3. To get the task tags to show, run the program once, or select Project → Clean
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The Difference Between Hubs, Switches and Routers
Putra Soliman

Learn the difference between a router and switch, a hub and switch, and a router and hub.

Some technicians have a tendency to use the terms routers, hubs and switches interchangeably. One minute they're talking about a switch. Two minutes later they're discussing router settings. Throughout all of this, though, they're still looking at only the one box.  Ever wonder what the difference is among these boxes?  The functions of the three devices are all quite different from one another, even if at times they are all integrated into a single device. Which one do you use when? Let's take a look...

Hub, Switch, and Router Defined

Hub [define]

A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.

Switch [define]

In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer(layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.

Router [define]

A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP.s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

The Differences Between Hubs, Switches, and Routers on the Network

Today most routers have become something of a Swiss Army knife, combining the features and functionality of a router and switch/hub into a single unit. So conversations regarding these devices can be a bit misleading — especially to someone new to computer networking.

The functions of a router, hub and a switch are all quite different from one another, even if at times they are all integrated into a single device. Let's start with the hub and the switch since these two devices have similar roles on the network. Each serves as a central connection for all of your network equipment and handles a data type known as frames. Frames carry your data. When a frame is received, it is amplified and then transmitted on to the port of the destination PC. The big difference between these two devices is in the method in which frames are being delivered.

In a hub, a frame is passed along or "broadcast" to every one of its ports. It doesn't matter that the frame is only destined for one port. The hub has no way of distinguishing which port a frame should be sent to. Passing it along to every port ensures that it will reach its intended destination. This places a lot of traffic on the network and can lead to poor network response times.

Additionally, a 10/100Mbps hub must share its bandwidth with each and every one of its ports. So when only one PC is broadcasting, it will have access to the maximum available bandwidth. If, however, multiple PCs are broadcasting, then that bandwidth will need to be divided among all of those systems, which will degrade performance.

A switch, however, keeps a record of the MAC addresses of all the devices connected to it. With this information, a switch can identify which system is sitting on which port. So when a frame is received, it knows exactly which port to send it to, without significantly increasing network response times. And, unlike a hub, a 10/100Mbps switch will allocate a full 10/100Mbps to each of its ports. So regardless of the number of PCs transmitting, users will always have access to the maximum amount of bandwidth. It's for these reasons why a switch is considered to be a much better choice then a hub.

Routers are completely different devices. Where a hub or switch is concerned with transmitting frames, a router's job, as its name implies, is to route packets to other networks until that packet ultimately reaches its destination. One of the key features of a packet is that it not only contains data, but the destination address of where it's going.

A router is typically connected to at least two networks, commonly two Local Area Networks (LANs) or Wide Area Networks (WAN) or a LAN and its ISP's network . for example, your PC or workgroup and EarthLink. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Using headers and forwarding tables, routers determine the best path for forwarding the packets. Router use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

Today, a wide variety of services are integrated into most broadband routers. A router will typically include a 4 - 8 port Ethernet switch (or hub) and a Network Address Translator (NAT). In addition, they usually include a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, Domain Name Service (DNS) proxy server and a hardware firewall to protect the LAN from malicious intrusion from the Internet.

All routers have a WAN Port that connects to a DSL or cable modem for broadband Internet service and the integrated switch allows users to easily create a LAN. This allows all the PCs on the LAN to have access to the Internet and Windows file and printer sharing services.

Some routers have a single WAN port and a single LAN port and are designed to connect an existing LAN hub or switch to a WAN. Ethernet switches and hubs can be connected to a router with multiple PC ports to expand a LAN. Depending on the capabilities (kinds of available ports) of the router and the switches or hubs, the connection between the router and switches/hubs may require either straight-thru or crossover (null-modem) cables. Some routers even have USB ports, and more commonly, wireless access points built into them.

Some of the more high-end or business class routers will also incorporate a serial port that can be connected to an external dial-up modem, which is useful as a backup in the event that the primary broadband connection goes down, as well as a built in LAN printer server and printer port.

Besides the inherent protection features provided by the NAT, many routers will also have a built-in, configurable, hardware-based firewall. Firewall capabilities can range from the very basic to quite sophisticated devices. Among the capabilities found on leading routers are those that permit configuring TCP/UDP ports for games, chat services, and the like, on the LAN behind the firewall.

So, in short, a hub glues together an Ethernet network segment, a switch can connect multiple Ethernet segments more efficiently and a router can do those functions plus route TCP/IP packets between multiple LANs and/or WANs; and much more of course.
Did You Know...
Routers are also the only one of these three devices that will allow you to share
a single IP address among multiple network clients.
This article was adapted from the PracticallyNetwork.com Troubleshooting Q&A Reference
Key Terms To Understanding Storage Servers:
LAN
A computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings.
WAN
A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs).
network
A group of two or more computer systems linked together.
MAC address
Short for Media Access Control address, a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network.
OSI
Short for Open System Interconnection, an ISO standard for worldwide communications that defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers.
source : http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2006/router_switch_hub.asp



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